Any master who purchased the Mamluks used to follow thoroughly all the stages of upbringing; and in many cases, Sultan As-Saalih Ayyoob More

King As-Saalih availed himself of this opportunity and headed towards Bayt Al-Maqdis, which the Ayyubids of Shaam had previously given up for the Crusaders, and intruded the fortresses of the Crusaders and liberated the Holy city with the help of his Khwarezmid-supported army in 643 A.H. More

King As-Saalih Najm Ad-Deen Ayyoob took office in Egypt in 637 A.H., and the Ayyubid emirs in Shaam, as was their habit, got ready to fight with him over the successive authority of Egypt. More

Saladin, May Allaah Have mercy upon him, focused on Jihaad, and had only one goal, that is, to fight the Crusaders and make the Word of religion superior. More

The Mongol armies split up and rampaged through central and western Persia Afghanistan and northwest India. Only one valiant prince, Jalaluddin, had the backbone to stand up to the marauding invaders. More

The contrast between Genghiz Khan and Alauddin Muhammed was as marked as it ever was between two generals who have squared off against each other. More

Timujin, born in the year 1162 into a Mongol tribe, had to struggle in his early years to retain the leadership of his clan. By the year 1206, he had succeeded in unifying the Mongol tribes and had taken the title Genghiz Khan. Successful raids into northern China followed and the northern Chin Empire was brought under his sway by the year 1215. More

A great deal of information about Sultana Razia has come down to us through the writings of Ibn Batuta, one of the greatest world travelers, who visited and lived in India More

The experience of the Maliki Maghrib was different. For three long centuries, the Maliki School took a back seat to Fatimid, Murabitun and Al Muhaddith ideologies. More

At the core of Islam is the idea of Tawhid, which liberates the individual from his egotistical prison and propels him into a universal mold. More

The most important reason for the fragmentation of the Maghrib-and the loss of Andalus-was the loss of legitimacy of rule. More

Agricultural production was a casualty of the drop in population. When food production dropped, many of the settled tribes became nomads. More