1- The indigenous people of Europe who embraced Islam many centuries ago and maintained their faith in spite of all the challenges they faced and repelled all the attempts to eradicate their Islamic identity. Examples of these are the Albanians, Bosnians, Kosovars, Macedonians, and Muslims of Bulgaria. Add to that, the Muslim converts, such as Rajaa’ Jaroudi from France and Muraad Hoffman from Germany, and others.

2 - Muslim immigrants who became naturalized citizens and obtained the nationalities of the country where they resided, such as the immigrants who came to Europe for the purpose of work and later settled there. Another example is the students who traveled to pursue higher education in Europe and then chose to remain there, and many others who were attracted to the modern European Renaissance and chose to migrate and settle there.